The Big Picture

ETS Praxis sat down with immigration attorney Liz Lindhome of HSE in October 2025 to understand how shifting federal decisions may affect school districts’ ability to hire international teachers.  

As districts across the country continue to grapple with teacher shortages, international educators have become an essential part of the workforce. But immigration policy—particularly around employment-based visas—is shifting again in ways that could directly affect how and when schools are able to hire. 

A major development this fall was the proposed $100,000 filing fee for new H-1B visas, introduced as part of a broader effort to restrict the use of work visas. While the proposal’s legality is being challenged, it has created significant uncertainty for school systems and other public employers who rely on H-1B sponsorship to fill specialized roles. 

Understanding the Two Main Pathways

Why Timing Matters 

One of the biggest differences between the two visas is when schools can hire. 

H-1B: The lottery application window opens each March, but even successful petitions cannot start employment until October 1—the beginning of the federal fiscal year. For most school districts, that schedule simply doesn’t match the academic calendar. 

J-1: The program operates year-round, allowing districts to bring teachers onboard when vacancies arise—including mid-year placements and long-term substitute roles. 

That flexibility has made the J-1 increasingly appealing as teacher shortages persist. 

The Proposed $100,000 Fee and Its Implications 

In 2025, a presidential proclamation proposed a $100,000 fee for certain H-1B filings. According to immigration attorney Liz Lindhome, the intent appears to be limiting reliance on H-1B visas rather than funding government costs. 

At present: 

• The fee would apply only to new applicants outside the United States who are not already in H-1B status. 
• Its legality is uncertain and is currently the subject of ongoing litigation. 
• Even if implemented, enforcement details—such as who pays and when—remain unclear. 

The broader takeaway is less about the fee itself and more about the policy signal: H-1B pathways may continue to tighten, creating higher barriers for non-tech employers such as school districts and hospitals. 

The Policy Climate: More Complexity, Not Less

Beyond the H-1B fee, schools are encountering increased scrutiny across all visa types: 

• Longer wait times for consular appointments abroad. 
• Expanded social-media screening for J-1 applicants. 
• In-person interview requirements reinstated post-pandemic. 

None of these changes eliminate visa pathways—but they do add logistical complexity and delay. As Lindhome notes, “Now is not the time to play fast and loose with interpretations. Make sure every ‘i’ is dotted and ‘t’ is crossed.” 

Key Takeaway 

For now, the J-1 remains the most accessible pathway for international teachers entering U.S. classrooms, but the policy landscape continues to evolve. Districts that stay proactive, informed, and compliant will be best positioned to secure the talent they need.

If you are interested in learning more about bringing international teachers to your district on J-1 visas with a trusted partner, schedule time with our team here.