Fairness and Validity Guidelines

Ensuring equitable assessments

We at ETS use Fairness Review Guidelines in test development to minimize bias and other characteristics that might hinder some test takers from performing at levels that allow appropriate inferences about their relevant knowledge and skills.

• ETS Standards for Quality & Fairness (PDF) help ETS design, develop and deliver technically sound, fair and useful products and services.
• Constructed-Response and Other Performance Assessments (PDF) present guidelines to assist ETS test-development staff when accumulating validity evidence for performance assessments.
• A DIF Primer (PDF) explains what Differential Item Functioning is as well as how ETS uses it to help ensure test fairness.

Additional information

Learn more about the Praxis tests and how ETS ensures that all of its tests are fair, valid, and reliable.

• Technical Manual for The Praxis® Tests and Related Assessments (PDF)
• Validity for Licensing Tests (PDF)
• Proper Use of the Praxis® Assessments and Related Assessments (PDF)